Updated 9:16 AM EST Dec 10, 2019The Russian rocket that ensured America had a presence on the International Space Station for the past eight years retired last week.No American spacecraft is ready to take its place. And the next generation Russian rocket won't be ready until the spring.Now what?“The plan, it’s very dynamic,” said NASA’s Director of Commercial Spaceflight Phil McAlister. “We sort of continuously assess where we are with commercial crew, where we are with our Soyuz seat purchases, and then determine the best case going forward.”Earlier this year NASA purchased two more seats on the Soyuz spacecraft for $171.9 million. One seat was just used to take astronaut Jessica Meir to ISS.

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A Russian fighter jet intercepted a US bomber over the Baltic Sea in international waters on. Updated 3:19 AM ET, Wed November 29, 2017. A 21st Tactical Air Support Squadron OV-10 Bronco aircraft fires white phosphorus rockets to. A Russian Air Force flight demonstration team perform with their SU-27 jet fighters. “location that could affect the safety of the flight.“ January 19, 2017 was a very special day for launching a very special satellite. The next satellite of the U.S. Air Force’s Space Based Infrared System (SBIRS) at Lockheed Martin’s Sunnyvale, California, satellite manufacturing facility prior to its scheduled 2016 launch.

One seat is left which guarantees a spot on the new Soyuz 2.1a rocket in the spring of 2020. That rocket variation has not flown humans before and is still being tested and certified.More: Northrop Grumman concludes investigation into Omega rocket's test fire anomalyThat means at the moment, there is no spacecraft ready to transport astronauts to the ISS. There are currently two Soyuz capsules stationed at the ISS to bring astronauts back to Earth when needed. NASAWhen working with private contractors during the shuttle program, NASA independently verified and validated 10,000 to 12,000 requirements For the commercial crew program only the 300 most critical requirements for safe spaceflight are verified by NASA.“And then we go in and spot check when we feel like it's necessary. We can do our own product assurance audit, which we have done multiple times for both companies to ensure that they are doing the things that they say they're doing,” McAlister said.Despite the streamlined process, both companies are behind schedule.SpaceX is dealing with delays caused by the explosion of their crew Dragon capsule during a test of the abort thrusters at Cape Canaveral in April. After six months of analysis, McAlister says they are very close to wrapping up the investigation.

He added that SpaceX took the opportunity to modify their vehicle as well.“While they were doing the accident investigation, they found some other things that they think might improve their design. So they're even implementing some of those things that didn't necessarily contribute to the mishap, “ he said.Boeing says it’s currently on track to perform the pad abort test of its Starliner spacecraft and the orbital flight test this year.To encourage SpaceX and Boeing to get the ball down the court, McAlister uses a line he borrowed from John Wooden, the great UCLA basketball coach.“Be quick, but don’t hurry.”“Be quick, which means you know, do your work, according to the plan, figure out what you've got to do, and get that done, and then move on to the next thing. But don't hurry, don't be just running from action to action, because that's when you make mistakes,” he said.Meanwhile, the Russians are implementing massive changes with the Soyuz program. The new Soyuz 2.1a rocket advances what they have learned from decades of flying the FG and includes technological upgrades. This summer they successfully launched the new rocket with the crew capsule without humans aboard.“We’re really confident in the ability of that rocket to take our crews,” said Joel Montalbano, Deputy Program Manager for the International Space Station.In addition to upgrades to the rocket, the Soyuz is moving to a different launch pad, which has only seen 3 crewed flights in the past.In early 2020, NASA will conduct the Stage Operations Readiness Review and then a Flight Readiness Review of the Soyuz 2.1a about a month out from launch. Because this vehicle is in advanced stages of testing, NASA has no concerns about the launch slipping.“As of today, things are going well. The teams haven’t identified anything that they’re worried about in preparation for the crew to fly,” Montalbano said.If the Soyuz 2.1a launch stays on schedule that will ensure an American presence on ISS until the Fall of 2020.

But there are no guarantees when it comes to space schedules. If technological issues don’t cause delays could the current political climate?Montalbano maintains that NASA’s relationship with the Russian space agency Roscosmos is “rock solid.” After collaborating with them for over 20 years, he says the teams work together like family.“It’s nice. You see a lot of the noise in the political system and then you come down to space and that all goes away and we go do our jobs.'

Right now that job is to make sure America has a ride to the ISS in 2020.Contact Rachael Joy at 321-242-3577 or email rjoy@floridatoday.com. Follow her on Twitter @RachaelJoy.

.1991–2000 Following the dissolution of the into its fifteen constituent republics in December 1991, the aircraft and personnel of the —the VVS were divided among the newly independent states. General, the former deputy commander-in-chief of the Soviet Air Forces, became the first commander of the new organisation on 24 August 1991. Received the majority of the most modern fighters and 65% of the manpower.

The major commands of the former Soviet VVS—the, and Frontal Aviation were renamed, with few changes, Russian VVS commands. However, many regiments, aircraft, and personnel were claimed by the republics they were based in, forming the core of the new republics' air forces.

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Some aircraft in and (such as ) were returned to Russia, sometimes in return for debt reductions, as well as a long-range aviation division based at in.During the 1990s, the financial stringency was felt throughout the armed forces made its mark on the Russian Air Forces as well. Pilots and other personnel could sometimes not get their wages for months, and on occasion resorted to desperate measures: four pilots at in the Far East went on hunger strike in 1996 to demand back pay which was several months overdue, and the problem was only resolved by diverting unit money intended for other tasks. As a result of the cutbacks, infrastructure became degraded as well, and in 1998, 40% of military airfields needed repair.The VVS participated in the (1994–1996) and the (1999–2002). These campaigns also presented significant difficulties for the VVS including the terrain, lack of significant fixed targets and insurgents armed with and.The former remained independent for several years under Russian control, only merging with the Air Forces in 1998. The decree merging the two forces was issued by President on 16 July 1997. During 1998 altogether 580 units and formations were disbanded, 134 reorganised, and over 600 given a new jurisdiction. The redistribution of forces affected 95% of aircraft, 98% of helicopters, 93% of anti-aircraft missile complexes, 95% of the equipment of, 100% of anti-aircraft missiles and over 60% of aviation armament.

More than 600,000 tons of material changed location and 3,500 aircraft changed airfields. Military Transport Aviation planes took more than 40,000 families to new residence areas.The short-lived operational commands were abolished. Two air armies, the (long-range aviation) and the 61st Air Army (former ), were established directly under the Supreme Command. The former frontal aviation and anti-aircraft forces were organised as Air Force Armies and Anti-Aircraft Defense Armies under the military district commanders. There were initially four such armies with headquarters in , , , and. Two military districts had separate Air and Air Defence Corps.

When the and were merged, the was reactivated to serve as the air force formation in the area.The number of servicemen in the air force was reduced to about 185,000 from the former combined number of 318,000. 123,500 positions were abolished, including almost 1,000 colonel positions.

The resignation of 3000 other servicemen included 46 generals of which 15 were colonel generals. On 29 December 1998 Colonel General, a former Air Defence Forces officer and new commander-in-chief of the merged force, succeeding Deynekin, reported to the Russian defence minister that the task had 'in principle been achieved'. General Kornukov established the new headquarters of the force in Zarya, near, 20 km east of the centre of Moscow, in the former PVO central command post, where the CIS common air defence system is directed from.2001–2010 In 1999 became and then in 2000; he continued to hold one or the other of these offices through every year since.In December 2003 the aviation assets of the —mostly helicopters—were transferred to the VVS, following the shooting down of a helicopter in on 19 August 2002, that claimed 19 lives.

The former Army Aviation was in its previous form intended for the direct support of the Ground Forces, by providing their tactical air support, conducting tactical aerial reconnaissance, transporting airborne troops, providing fire support of their actions, setting of minefield barriers and other tasks. The former Army Aviation was subsequently managed by the Chief of the Department of Army Aviation.

However, by 2010, it was announced that the 2003 decision to transfer Ground Force Aviation to the Air Force was reversed, with the transfer back to the Ground Forces to occur sometime in 2015 or 2016.During the 2000s, the Air Forces continued to suffer from a lack of resources for pilot training. In the 1990s Russian pilots achieved approximately 10% of the flight hours of the. The 2007 edition of the (IISS) Military Balance listed pilots of tactical aviation flying 20–25 hours a year, pilots (former Military Transport Aviation), 60 hours a year, and Army Aviation under VVS control 55 hours a year.In 2007 the Russian Air Force resumed the Soviet-era practice of deploying its strategic bomber aircraft on long-range patrols. This ended a 15-year unilateral suspension due to fuel costs and other economic difficulties after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Patrols towards the, the and the were reinstated, bringing the planes often close to territory, including in one instance flying over the between the and.During the, the Russian Air Force suffered losses of between four and seven aircraft due to anti-aircraft fire. The were promptly announced following the war, which according to Western experts were intended to address many inadequacies discovered as a result. The reforms commenced during early 2009, in which air armies were succeeded by commands, and most air regiments becoming air bases. Confirmed that the reorganisation would be completed by December 2009 and would see a 40 percent reduction in aircrew numbers.In February 2009, the Russian newspaper reported that 200 of the 291 MiG-29s currently in service across all Russian air arms were unsafe and would have to be permanently grounded. This action would remove from service about a third of Russia's total fighter force, some 650 aircraft.

On 5 June 2009, the Chief of the General Staff, said of the Russian Air Force that 'They can run bombing missions only in daytime with the sun shining, but they miss their targets anyway'. Pavel Androsov said that Russia's long-range bombers would be upgraded in 2009 with the aim of being able to hit within 20 meters of their targets.Also in September 2009 it was reported that an East European network of the was to be set up by Russia. This network was intended to protect the airspace of the two countries as defined in the supranational 1999 treaty.

Its planned composition was to include five Air Force units, 10 anti-aircraft units, five technical service and support units and one electronic warfare unit. It was to be placed under the command of a Russian or Belarusian Air Force or Air Defence Force senior commander.In July 2010, Russian jet fighters made the first nonstop flights from European Russia to the Russian Far East. By August 2010, according to the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force Aleksandr Zelin, the average flight hours of a pilot in Russian tactical aviation had reached 80 hours a year, while in army aviation and military transport aviation it exceeded 100 hours a year. On 15 August 2010, the Russian Air Force temporarily grounded its fleet of ground attack aircraft to conduct an investigation into a crash that happened during a training mission.

The Russian Defence Ministry said that the plane crashed on 6 August 2010, 60 km to the north-west of air base in, according to.2011–present According to the instructions of the on 1 September 2011, the unmanned aircraft of the Russian Air Force and the personnel operating them moved under the command structure of the.As of 2012, the Russian Air Force operated a total of 61 air bases, including 26 air bases with tactical aircraft, of which 14 are equipped with fighter aircraft. In terms of flight hours, pilots in the averaged 125 hours over the 2012 training year. Pilots from the Kursk air base achieved an average of 150 hours, with transport aviation averaging 170 hours.On 1 August 2015, the Russian Air Force, along with the and the Air Defense Troops, were merged into a new branch of the armed forces, now officially called the.On 30 September 2015 the Russian Air Force launched a, in 's region. On 24 November 2015, during this intervention, the shot down a that claimed had violated its airspace.In 2020 by the Russian Air Force in Syria has been described as 'amounting to war crime' by UN HRC report. Leadership. Colonel GeneralPreviously the highest military office before 2015.Commander-in-chief of the Russian Air ForceYearsGeneral(1991–1998)General(1998– January 2002)General(January 2002 – 9 May 2007)Colonel General(9 May 2007 – 27 April 2012)Colonel General(6 May 2012 – 1 August 2015)Since the merger between the Russian Air Force and the on 1 August 2015, the commander of the Russian Air Force as part of the new is titled Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Aerospace Forces and Commander of the Russian Air Force. Lieutenant General Andrey Yudin became the first holder of the position.

Organisation. Main article:The precise quantitative and qualitative composition of the Russian Air Force is unknown and figures include both serviceable and unserviceable aircraft as well as those placed into storage or sitting in reserve. Estimated that there were about 3,947 aircraft in inventory in 2015.

According to the Russian Defense Ministry, the share of modern armament in the Air Force had reached about 35% during 2014. The figure was raised to 66% by late 2016 and to 72% by late 2017.Estimates provided by the IISS show that Russian Air Force combat pilots average 60 to 100 flight hours per year and pilots flying transport aircraft average 120 flight hours per year. Main article:The Russian Air Force inherited the ranks of the, although the insignia and uniform were slightly altered and the old crown and were re-introduced.